Broadleaf deciduous shrub slow growing, to about 10 ft high and 6 ft wide 3. Frangula bark, alder buckthorn, is obtained from rhamnus frangula l. Its species range from 1 to 10 meters 330 tall rarely to 15 metres, 50 and are native mainly in east asia and north america, but found throughout the temperate and subtropical northern hemisphere, and also more locally in the subtropical. Mentha piperita mp, hypericum perforatum hp, achillea millefolium am, rhamnus frangula rf, and calendula officinalis co.
This plant may be known by one or more common names in different places, and some are listed above. Frangula alnus usda, ars, germplasm resources information network. Branches are multistemmed, not very regular and arranged in alternate pairs. Quantitative analysis of glucofrangulins and phenolic compounds in croatian rhamnus and frangula species article pdf available january 2010 with 149 reads how we measure reads. Buckthorn rhamnus cannot be shipped into il, ma, mn, nh, and vt free with every plant purchased the sooner guarantee. The plant list includes 549 scientific plant names of species rank for the genus rhamnus. A recent molecular study by bolmgren and oxelman 2004. Find plants you love and create idea boards for all your projects. Qualitative and quantitative composition2, 3 wellestablished use with regard to the marketing authorisation application of article 10a of directive 200183ec, as amended rhamnus frangula l. The most studied compounds in buckthorn bark frangula cortex are the derivatives of 1,8dihydroxyanthraquinones 1,8dad. To create an idea board, sign in or create an account.
Fine line buckthorn rhamnus frangula proven winners. European unionherbal monograph on rhamnus frangula l. Normacol plus granules contain 62% ww sterculia and 8% ww frangula bark. Frangula alnus mill rhamnaceae, a shrub 35 m high and found in britain and europe. Frangula bark consists of the dried, whole or fragmented bark of the stems and branches of rhamnus frangula l. Glossy buckthorn can either grow as a multistemmed shrub or singlestemmed tree up to 23 7 m tall.
Rhamnus frangula small tree common in europe alder buckthorn, alder dogwood buckthorn a shrub or shrubby tree of the genus rhamnus. Rhamnus frangula columnaris tallhedge buckthorn foliage is oval like the species form, but its habit is very columnar and it is often used as a tall visual screen to hide utilities or demarcate property lines, or in formal gardens to partition outdoor rooms. Rhamnus frangula alder buckthorn pfaf plant database. The esr measurements were carried out on five types of organic tea cultivated in romania. Growing rhamnus frangula alder buckthorn latin name pronunciation. The author name for frangula alnus is cited as either miller orp. For a long time, their therapeutic uses have been only laxative and purgative. The leaf margins are smoothentire and tend to be slightly wavy. Information on statelevel noxious weed status of plants in the united states is available at plants database. The bark of rhamnus frangula linn frangula alnus miller, family rhamnaceae buckthorn is used traditionally as a medicinal plant. Frangula definition of frangula by medical dictionary.
Louis, mo 63110 314 5775100 hours and admission butterfly house. The effects of frangula alnus miller on hek cells in cell culture. While frangula is morphologically similar to rhamnus but separate according to previous molecular studies, the delimitation of sections within rhamnus s. Name of the medicinal product to be specified for the individual finished product. It is also commonly called glossy buckthorn in reference to its glossy leaves. It is in flower from may to june, and the seeds ripen from september to november. Physiological studies have uncovered traits including shade tolerance, rapid growth, high photosynthetic rates, a wide tolerance of moisture and drought, and an unusual phenology that may give r. Mechanical, physical and chemical methods are available for control of common buckthorn and glossy buckthorn rhamnus frangula, also an invasive exotic plant. Saffron, the very expensive dye derived from the stigma of crocus sativus, is well known but little used in textile dyeing. Narrow leaves, deep green and irregularly scalloped, give the shrub an almost ferny texture. Rhamnus frangula is a deciduous shrub growing to 5 m 16ft by 4 m ft at a slow rate. Glossy buckthorn is a deciduous shrub or small tree of wet or dry sites.
The herbal monograph selects and summarises scientific studies and textbooks regarding efficacy, dosage and safety to support the therapeutic uses of frangula bark. In order to clarify the taxonomy of rhamnus, we present the largest. Rhamnus cathartica and frangula alnus report 200405. Updated for itis by the flora of north america expertise network, in connection with an update for usda plants 20072010 reference for. Fine line buckthorn rhamnus live shrub, green foliage partial to full sun, zones. Alder buckthorn rhamnus frangula picture the alder buckthorn can be considered a deciduous shrub or even a small tree, the plant often reaches 20 feet in height when fully mature. It was subsequently separated by philip miller in 1768 into the genus frangula on the basis of its hermaphrodite flowers with a fiveparted corolla in rhamnus the flowers are dioecious and fourparted. They were probably introduced to the us before 1800 but did not become widespread until the early 1900s.
Rhamnus frangula bourdaine frangula alnus arbuste champetre. Commerical supplies are available from balkan countries. Alder buckthorn was first formally described by carl linnaeus in 1753 as rhamnus frangula. A premeasured amount of polyon bestpaks time release fertilizer that keeps your plant well nourished for one year. Department of agriculture agricultural research service. In recent years the barks of a number of turkish species of rhamnus have been systematically examined for their anthraquinone and flavonoid contents see m. Rhamnus frangula fine line, is a noninvasive buckthorn that is a responsible replacement for its weedy cousins because it does not selfseed. The genus name frangula comes from the word frango, meaning fragile or brittle, in reference to the tendency of the twigs of some species to break easily.
Rhamnus frangula synonyms, rhamnus frangula antonyms. Fine line rhamnus frangula ron williams uspp 14,791. Pdf effects of rhamnus frangula extract on mcf7 cells in. Biological control ofbuckthorns rhamnus cathartica and. Sterculia is a vegetable gum from the karaya tree and frangula bark comes from the alder buckthorn plant. We do not intend the plant list to be complete for names of infraspecific rank. Leaves are darkgreen and glossy above while dull green below. The generic recognition of frangula has been disputed and for many years glossy buckthorn has gone under the name rhamnus frangula l. Prescribed fire is one method proposed for controlling buckthorn seedlings in fireadapted natural areas, from late march to early. Above average superior performance, among my favorites, would recommend to others. How rhamnus frangula is effective for various diseases is listed in repertory format. Rhamnus frangula asplenifolia landscape plants oregon.
Pharmacognosy, 1992, 30, 151 and references cited therein. Rhamnus frangula definition of rhamnus frangula by the. Rhamnus frangula bark frangulae cortex herbal reference. Rhamnus cannot be shipped into il, ma, mn, nh, and vt. Phytochemical evaluation and hptlc investigation of bark. Rhamnus frangula bourdaine frangula alnus pepinieres. Clusters of whitishgreen flowers appear in the leaf axils in may. Click on an acronym to view each weed list, or click here for a composite list of weeds of the u. The bark on young shoots is green, becoming greybrown. Cascara our native of the buckthorn family, rhamnus purshiana, is a real sleeper among our native trees frequently overlooked and underappreciated.
Glossy, oval to obovate, dark green leaves to 3 long retain green color well into fall, usually resulting in poor fall color. Frangula alnus miller, cortex frangula bark herbal substance dried, whole or fragmented bark of the stems and branches, standardised herbal preparation standardised herbal preparations thereof traditional use with regard to the registration application of article 16d1 of directive 200183ec, as amended 3. Alder buckthorn has been used medicinally as a gentle laxative since at least the middle ages. Rhamnus frangula, the alder buckthorn, is a tall deciduous shrub in the family rhamnaceae. Benefits of alder buckthorn rhamnus frangula for health. I bought a buckthorn tree in april and planted it in a large container on my. Considered to be the most ornamental of the buckthorns. The species is hermaphrodite has both male and female organs and is pollinated by insects. Frangula alnus miller, primarily the clinical data. The plant list includes a further 108 scientific plant names of infraspecific rank for the genus rhamnus. Asplenifolia is an upright, spreading, deciduous shrub which typically grows 610 tall.
The alder buckthorn is characterized by the presence of glossy oval shaped green leaves, each of which can be one to three inches in length, the leaves are borne on. Elle est frequemment designee sous ce nom pretendument plus ancien, mais les ecrits darduino ne. Pest management invasive plant control buckthorns rhamnus. Phytochemical evaluation and hptlc investigation of bark and.
Its species range from 1 to 10 meters 330 tall rarely to 15 metres, 50 and are native mainly in east asia and north america, but found throughout the temperate and subtropical northern hemisphere, and also more locally in the subtropical southern hemisphere. Ecology and ecosystem impacts of common buckthorn rhamnus. Hardy to usda zone 3 native to europe, western asia and north africa. Analysis of the cosmopolitan buckthorn genera frangula and. Pre evaluation report for frangula alnus ron williams fine line. The bark of rhamnus frangula linn frangula alnus miller, family rhamnaceae buckthorn is used.
Rhamnus frangula landscape plants oregon state university. Daphne evans ba ma, in trease and evans pharmacognosy sixteenth edition, 2009. Pdf the effects of frangula alnus miller on hek cells in. Rhamnus is a genus of about 110 accepted species of shrubs or small trees, commonly known as buckthorns, in the family rhamnaceae. List of various diseases cured by rhamnus frangula. Invasive species rhamnus frangula or frangula alnus glossy buckthorn is a shrub or small tree with simple, shiny leaves and peasized red to purple fruit. Rhamnaceae of north america update, database version 2011 acquired. European union herbal monograph on rhamnus frangula l. Effects of rhamnus frangula extract on mcf7 cells in cell culture. In 1754, miller described the genus frangula, and in 1768, the species frangula alnus. Rhamnus frangula synonyms, rhamnus frangula pronunciation, rhamnus frangula translation, english dictionary definition of rhamnus frangula. It is these natural products in normacol plus which help to relieve constipation and help keep you regular. Pdf online viewing for only 30 per year, you can view online all the monographs summary.
Uses, benefits, cures, side effects, nutrients in rhamnus frangula. Pdf quantitative analysis of glucofrangulins and phenolic. Leaves simple, alternate, linear to linearlanceolate, 46 cm long, but only 35 mm wide, with a wavy margin, fernlike appearance. Rhamnaceae buckthorn family medicinal use of alder buckthorn. Leaves are deciduous, simple, and generally arrang ed alternately. Fine line buckthorn rhamnus live shrub, green foliage. Pre evaluation report for frangula alnus ron williams. Rhamnus frangula, but these were not generally grown as crops.
Qualitative and quantitative composition 1, 2 wellestablished use traditional use. Effects of the nonindigenous shrub rhamnus frangula l. It is based on the measurement of changes of the esr spectrum of radicals as a result of their interaction with antioxidants. Names of rhamnus frangula in various languages of the world are also given. Yet it is a widelyadaptable small tree that is a favorite for birds and suitable for the smaller urban garden. Buckthorn family rhamnaceae description if you find a large shrub with leaf veins that curve to follow the leaf margin and small black berries on short stalks along the branches, its probably one of the nonnative buckthorns. Frangula alnus in the germplasm resources information network grin, u. Frangula alnus is commonly called alder buckthorn because it is frequently seen in the wild growing in moist soils near alders genus alnus. Rhamnus frangula herb uses, benefits, cures, side effects.
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